A pixel – which actually is short for ‘picture element’ – is the smallest unit used to record or display a digital image. For instance, if your camera has an 8 megapixel sensor, that means it has a resolution of 3,264 x 2,448 pixels, i.e. there are close to 8 million pixels on that sensor chip.

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The more pixels on a given area the higher the density of the integrated information, such as the resolution of displays. If the size of an area is limited, the only way to increase resolution (i.e. the number of pixels) is by reducing pixel size. Most methods used for producing display pixels are based on the two-dimensional (2D) patterning of light-emitting materials, such as inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, intaglio transfer printing, and photolithography.

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“These 2D methods often suffer from reduced brightness at higher pixel densities owing to […]

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