In the recently published ‘ 4D printing using anisotropic thermal deformation of 3D-printed thermoplastic parts ,’ researchers Bona Goo, Chae-Hui Hong, Keun Park—all from Seoul National University of Science and Technology —are taking digital fabrication research to the next level. Advancing past 3D printing, the Korean research team experiments with deformation behavior in single thermoplastics.

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Most of us are familiar with forays into 4D printing that revolve around shape memory polymers for refinements such as performance and recyclability , combinations with continuous carbon fiber , other 4D innovations for materials like magnetic soft actuators , and much more.

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For this study, the researchers developed a method employing an ME-type 3D printer and thermoplastic filament— without shape memory —using biodirectional printing paths as layers were printed longitudinally and printed in sequence. Print paths were programmed for the desired levels of deformation, using ABS to print samples on the ME 3D […]

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